The Judiciary Act of 1789 established which court system structure?

• A. Three-tier system: District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and the Supreme Court
• B. Two-tier system
• C. A single court for federal matters
• D. No federal courts

Answer: (A)

The question tests how the early U.S. federal judiciary was organized into levels. The Judiciary Act of 1789 set up three levels: district courts as trial courts for federal cases, an intermediate appellate level (historically called circuit courts and today comparable to Courts of Appeals), and the Supreme Court as the highest court for final review. This three-tier structure shows where cases begin, where they are reviewed on appeal, and where final decisions come from.

So the best choice reflects three levels—district courts, the appellate level, and the Supreme Court. The other options don’t fit because they imply fewer levels or no federal courts, whereas the Act established multiple federal courts across distinct roles.